The earliest stone tools were little more than a fractured rock, but approximately 75,000 years ago, pressure flaking provided a way to make much finer work. Hominids started using primitive stone tools millions of years ago. Approximately 50,000 years ago, the use of tools and a complex set of behaviors emerged, believed by many archaeologists to be connected to the emergence of fully modern language. Tool use remained relatively unchanged for most of early human history.
Early humans evolved from a species of foraging hominids which were already bipedal, with a brain mass approximately one third of modern humans. The use of tools by early humans was partly a process of discovery and of evolution. The term's meanings changed in the early 20th century when American social scientists, beginning with Thorstein Veblen, translated ideas from the German concept of Technik into "technology." In German and other European languages, a distinction exists between technik and technologie that is absent in English, which usually translates both terms as "technology." By the 1930s, "technology" referred not only to the study of the industrial arts but to the industrial arts themselves. The term "technology" rose to prominence in the 20th century in connection with the Second Industrial Revolution. Before the 20th century, the term was uncommon in English, and it was used either to refer to the description or study of the useful arts or to allude to technical education, as in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (chartered in 1861). The use of the term "technology" has changed significantly over the last 200 years. Technology means "science of craft", from Greek τέχνη, techne, "art, skill, cunning of hand" and -λογία, -logia. 3.5 Optimism and skepticism in the 21st century.For example, upcoming technology involves renewable resources being used in transportation, allowing humans to travel in space, for technology itself to become more affordable and reliable, and for increased automation. While innovations have always influenced the values of a society and have raised new questions in the ethics of technology, the advancement of technology itself has also led to the pursuit of new solutions for the previously discussed concerns of technological advancement. While this is the case, ideologies such as transhumanism and techno-progressivism view continued technological progress as beneficial to society and the human condition. Neo-Luddism, anarcho-primitivism, and similar reactionary movements criticize the pervasiveness of technology by stating that technology harms the environment and destroys human relationships. As a consequence, philosophical debates have arisen over the use of technology and whether technology improves or worsens the human condition. While technological advances have helped economies develop and create the rise of a leisure class, many technological processes produce unwanted by-products, known as pollution, and the depletion of natural resources from the Earth's environment. Humanity then progressed to the development of the printing press, the telephone, the computer, and then the Internet.
The invention of the wheel led to the travelling technologies that helped humans to further increase the yield of food production, travel in less time, and exchange information and raw materials faster.
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The prehistoric invention of shaped stone tools and the discovery of how to control fire increased the sources of food that were available to human beings. The earliest and simplest form of technology is the development of knowledge that leads to the application of basic tools. Systems operate by obtaining an input, altering this input through what is known as a process, and then producing an outcome that achieves the intended purpose of the system. The technologies of society consist of what is known as systems. Technology is embedded in the operation of all machines, with or without detailed knowledge of their function, for the intended purpose of an organization. Technology is the result of accumulated knowledge and application of skills, methods, and processes used in industrial production and scientific research. Electricity consumption and living standards are highly correlated. Such turbines produce most of the electricity used today.
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